json_patch: compare integer and double test values numerically

RFC 6902 section 4.6 compares JSON numbers by value. The test operation
used json_object_equal(), which treats json_type_int and json_type_double
as different types, so a test of 1.0 against 1 failed.

Use a private comparison for JSON Patch, including numbers nested inside
objects and arrays. Check floating-point range before converting, and
require both integer equality and an exact round trip to reject fractional
values and large integers that would round to the same double.

Add regression cases for both argument orders, nested values, signed and
unsigned limits, fractional values, precision loss and non-number types.

https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6902.txt section 4.6

tests/json_patch_tests.json

@@ -137,6 +137,81 @@
       "patch": [{"op":"add", "path": "/3", "value": "bar"}],
       "error": "index is greater than number of items in array" },
       
+    { "comment": "test integer against equal double",
+      "doc": {"n": 1},
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "/n", "value": 1.0}],
+      "expected": {"n": 1} },
+
+    { "comment": "test double against equal integer",
+      "doc": {"n": 1.0},
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "/n", "value": 1}],
+      "expected": {"n": 1.0} },
+
+    { "comment": "test numeric equality inside arrays and objects",
+      "doc": {"a": [1, {"n": -2.0}], "b": null},
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "", "value": {"b": null, "a": [1.0, {"n": -2}]}}],
+      "expected": {"a": [1, {"n": -2.0}], "b": null} },
+
+    { "comment": "test integer against negative zero",
+      "doc": 0,
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "", "value": -0.0}],
+      "expected": 0 },
+
+    { "comment": "test unsigned integer against equal double",
+      "doc": 9223372036854775808,
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "", "value": 9223372036854775808.0}],
+      "expected": 9223372036854775808 },
+
+    { "comment": "test minimum signed integer against equal double",
+      "doc": -9223372036854775808,
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "", "value": -9223372036854775808.0}],
+      "expected": -9223372036854775808 },
+
+    { "comment": "test does not round integers to doubles",
+      "doc": 9007199254740993,
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "", "value": 9007199254740992.0}],
+      "error": "different integers must not compare equal after rounding" },
+
+    { "comment": "test does not round negative integers to doubles",
+      "doc": -9007199254740993,
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "", "value": -9007199254740992.0}],
+      "error": "different negative integers must not compare equal after rounding" },
+
+    { "comment": "test does not truncate fractional numbers",
+      "doc": 1,
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "", "value": 1.5}],
+      "error": "fractional number must not compare equal to an integer" },
+
+    { "comment": "test does not truncate negative fractional numbers",
+      "doc": -1,
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "", "value": -1.5}],
+      "error": "negative fractional number must not compare equal to an integer" },
+
+    { "comment": "test does not clamp out of range unsigned numbers",
+      "doc": 18446744073709551615,
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "", "value": 18446744073709551616.0}],
+      "error": "out of range double must not compare equal to UINT64_MAX" },
+
+    { "comment": "test does not clamp out of range negative numbers",
+      "doc": -9223372036854775808,
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "", "value": -18446744073709551616.0}],
+      "error": "out of range double must not compare equal to INT64_MIN" },
+
+    { "comment": "test does not coerce boolean values to numbers",
+      "doc": true,
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "", "value": 1.0}],
+      "error": "boolean is not a number" },
+
+    { "comment": "test does not coerce strings to numbers",
+      "doc": "1",
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "", "value": 1.0}],
+      "error": "string is not a number" },
+
+    { "comment": "test checks numeric equality recursively",
+      "doc": {"a": [1, {"n": -2}]},
+      "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "", "value": {"a": [1.0, {"n": -3.0}]}}],
+      "error": "nested numbers differ" },
+
     { "comment": "test against implementation-specific numeric parsing",
       "doc": {"1e0": "foo"},
       "patch": [{"op": "test", "path": "/1e0", "value": "foo"}],