From 67cce78af9388c83b87b53d7203023f77bb3b0d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 11:39:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] libbpf: Add support to detect nop,nop5 instructions combo for
 usdt probe

Adding support to detect nop,nop5 instructions combo for usdt probe
by checking on probe's following nop5 instruction.

When the nop,nop5 combo is detected together with uprobe syscall,
we can place the probe on top of nop5 and get it optimized.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260224103915.1369690-3-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
---
 src/usdt.c | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/usdt.c b/src/usdt.c
index d1524f6..e371093 100644
--- a/src/usdt.c
+++ b/src/usdt.c
@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@ struct usdt_manager {
 	bool has_bpf_cookie;
 	bool has_sema_refcnt;
 	bool has_uprobe_multi;
+	bool has_uprobe_syscall;
 };
 
 struct usdt_manager *usdt_manager_new(struct bpf_object *obj)
@@ -301,6 +302,13 @@ struct usdt_manager *usdt_manager_new(struct bpf_object *obj)
 	 * usdt probes.
 	 */
 	man->has_uprobe_multi = kernel_supports(obj, FEAT_UPROBE_MULTI_LINK);
+
+	/*
+	 * Detect kernel support for uprobe() syscall, it's presence means we can
+	 * take advantage of faster nop5 uprobe handling.
+	 * Added in: 56101b69c919 ("uprobes/x86: Add uprobe syscall to speed up uprobe")
+	 */
+	man->has_uprobe_syscall = kernel_supports(obj, FEAT_UPROBE_SYSCALL);
 	return man;
 }
 
@@ -585,13 +593,34 @@ static int parse_usdt_note(GElf_Nhdr *nhdr, const char *data, size_t name_off,
 
 static int parse_usdt_spec(struct usdt_spec *spec, const struct usdt_note *note, __u64 usdt_cookie);
 
-static int collect_usdt_targets(struct usdt_manager *man, Elf *elf, const char *path, pid_t pid,
-				const char *usdt_provider, const char *usdt_name, __u64 usdt_cookie,
-				struct usdt_target **out_targets, size_t *out_target_cnt)
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+static bool has_nop_combo(int fd, long off)
+{
+	unsigned char nop_combo[6] = {
+		0x90, 0x0f, 0x1f, 0x44, 0x00, 0x00 /* nop,nop5 */
+	};
+	unsigned char buf[6];
+
+	if (pread(fd, buf, 6, off) != 6)
+		return false;
+	return memcmp(buf, nop_combo, 6) == 0;
+}
+#else
+static bool has_nop_combo(int fd, long off)
+{
+	return false;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int collect_usdt_targets(struct usdt_manager *man, struct elf_fd *elf_fd, const char *path,
+				pid_t pid, const char *usdt_provider, const char *usdt_name,
+				__u64 usdt_cookie, struct usdt_target **out_targets,
+				size_t *out_target_cnt)
 {
 	size_t off, name_off, desc_off, seg_cnt = 0, vma_seg_cnt = 0, target_cnt = 0;
 	struct elf_seg *segs = NULL, *vma_segs = NULL;
 	struct usdt_target *targets = NULL, *target;
+	Elf *elf = elf_fd->elf;
 	long base_addr = 0;
 	Elf_Scn *notes_scn, *base_scn;
 	GElf_Shdr base_shdr, notes_shdr;
@@ -784,6 +813,16 @@ static int collect_usdt_targets(struct usdt_manager *man, Elf *elf, const char *
 		target = &targets[target_cnt];
 		memset(target, 0, sizeof(*target));
 
+		/*
+		 * We have uprobe syscall and usdt with nop,nop5 instructions combo,
+		 * so we can place the uprobe directly on nop5 (+1) and get this probe
+		 * optimized.
+		 */
+		if (man->has_uprobe_syscall && has_nop_combo(elf_fd->fd, usdt_rel_ip)) {
+			usdt_abs_ip++;
+			usdt_rel_ip++;
+		}
+
 		target->abs_ip = usdt_abs_ip;
 		target->rel_ip = usdt_rel_ip;
 		target->sema_off = usdt_sema_off;
@@ -998,7 +1037,7 @@ struct bpf_link *usdt_manager_attach_usdt(struct usdt_manager *man, const struct
 	/* discover USDT in given binary, optionally limiting
 	 * activations to a given PID, if pid > 0
 	 */
-	err = collect_usdt_targets(man, elf_fd.elf, path, pid, usdt_provider, usdt_name,
+	err = collect_usdt_targets(man, &elf_fd, path, pid, usdt_provider, usdt_name,
 				   usdt_cookie, &targets, &target_cnt);
 	if (err <= 0) {
 		err = (err == 0) ? -ENOENT : err;